{"id":104442,"date":"2022-09-05T16:38:59","date_gmt":"2022-09-05T14:38:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ivi.uk\/?p=104442"},"modified":"2024-12-23T13:32:07","modified_gmt":"2024-12-23T11:32:07","slug":"azoospermia-what-is-it-and-how-do-we-treat-it","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ivi.uk\/blog\/azoospermia-what-is-it-and-how-do-we-treat-it\/","title":{"rendered":"Azoospermia: What is it and how do we treat it?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_68_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ivi.uk\/blog\/azoospermia-what-is-it-and-how-do-we-treat-it\/#What_is_azoospermia\" title=\"What is azoospermia?\">What is azoospermia?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ivi.uk\/blog\/azoospermia-what-is-it-and-how-do-we-treat-it\/#What_are_the_different_types_of_azoospermia\" title=\"What are the different types of azoospermia?\">What are the different types of azoospermia?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ivi.uk\/blog\/azoospermia-what-is-it-and-how-do-we-treat-it\/#What_are_the_symptoms_of_azoospermia\" title=\"What are the symptoms of azoospermia?\">What are the symptoms of azoospermia?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ivi.uk\/blog\/azoospermia-what-is-it-and-how-do-we-treat-it\/#Does_azoospermia_cause_infertility\" title=\"Does azoospermia cause infertility?\">Does azoospermia cause infertility?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ivi.uk\/blog\/azoospermia-what-is-it-and-how-do-we-treat-it\/#What_treatments_for_azoospermia_are_available\" title=\"What treatments for azoospermia are available?\">What treatments for azoospermia are available?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ivi.uk\/blog\/azoospermia-what-is-it-and-how-do-we-treat-it\/#1_Treatment_of_infection\" title=\"1. Treatment of infection\">1. Treatment of infection<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ivi.uk\/blog\/azoospermia-what-is-it-and-how-do-we-treat-it\/#2_Surgical_repair\" title=\"2. Surgical repair\">2. Surgical repair<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ivi.uk\/blog\/azoospermia-what-is-it-and-how-do-we-treat-it\/#3_Hormone_treatment\" title=\"3. Hormone treatment\">3. Hormone treatment<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ivi.uk\/blog\/azoospermia-what-is-it-and-how-do-we-treat-it\/#4_Sperm_extraction_from_post-ejaculate_urine\" title=\"4. Sperm extraction from post-ejaculate urine\">4. Sperm extraction from post-ejaculate urine<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ivi.uk\/blog\/azoospermia-what-is-it-and-how-do-we-treat-it\/#5_Testicular_sperm_extraction\" title=\"5. Testicular sperm extraction\">5. Testicular sperm extraction<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ivi.uk\/blog\/azoospermia-what-is-it-and-how-do-we-treat-it\/#Finding_out_more_about_IVI\" title=\"Finding out more about IVI\">Finding out more about IVI<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_azoospermia\"><\/span>What is azoospermia?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>A low sperm count is characterised by having fewer sperm in the ejaculate than the average \u2013 normally, this is anything <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/low-sperm-count\/\">fewer than 15 million per millilitre<\/a>. Azoospermia is a lesser-known phenomenon, meaning a complete absence of sperm. Bear in mind, though that it does not often mean the absence of ejaculate. Men produce sperm and seminal fluid in different parts of the reproductive system, meaning you still produce ejaculate seminal fluid and may not notice a difference.<\/p>\n<p>Azoospermia is a condition that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hopkinsmedicine.org\/health\/conditions-and-diseases\/azoospermia\">affects about 15% of infertile men<\/a> \u2013 more than 1 in 10 \u2013 and around 1% of the adult male population overall. This does not sound like a high risk for an individual, but over a whole population, it is a large number. Many men only become aware that they are not producing sperm when they start trying for a family, and must seek out fertility advice.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_different_types_of_azoospermia\"><\/span>What are the different types of azoospermia?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>There are three main types of azoospermia. If you receive a diagnosis of azoospermia, it is important to understand which type of azoospermia is the problem. The treatments we recommend would vary according to the cause. Ultimately, the testicles may not produce any sperm, or the pathway by which sperm travel out of the body is blocked.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Pretesticular azoospermia:<\/strong> The testicles are normal, but do not produce any sperm because of a hormone imbalance or previous cancer treatment such as chemotherapy. This is quite rare.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Testicular azoospermia: <\/strong>Damage to the testicles prevents them from producing sperm in a normal way. This could be the result of an injury or infection, a childhood illness such as viral orchitis, or a genetic condition such as Klinefelter\u2019s syndrome. A varicocele, which is an enlarged vein in the scrotum or testicle, can cause blood to pool in the area, increasing the heat of the testicles and causing discomfort. A varicocele can also lead to a low sperm count or in some cases, the absence of sperm.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Post-testicular azoospermia:<\/strong> The testicles are producing sperm normally, but an obstruction prevents the sperm from exiting the body. Causes could be a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.urologyhealth.org\/urology-a-z\/v\/vasectomy\">vasectomy<\/a>, in which the blockage is intentional; a blockage in the epididymis, which carries sperm from the testicles to the urethra; or retrograde ejaculation, in which sperm goes into the bladder rather than the penis during ejaculation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_symptoms_of_azoospermia\"><\/span><strong>What are the symptoms of azoospermia?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>It is common to not experience any symptoms, or even know there is anything wrong until you want to become a father and your attempts to conceive are not successful. If you do experience symptoms, they are more likely related to the underlying cause of your condition, rather than a direct result of the azoospermia itself. Where symptoms other than infertility do occur, they could include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Lumps, swelling or a feeling of discomfort around the testicles<\/li>\n<li>Low libido or low sex drive<\/li>\n<li>Erectile dysfunction<\/li>\n<li>Decreased facial and bodily hair<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Does_azoospermia_cause_infertility\"><\/span>Does azoospermia cause infertility?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>If there is no sperm present in the semen, it will not be able to fertilise an egg, and so without medical intervention or spontaneous remission, you would be functionally infertile. However, there is still plenty of hope for your own genetic offspring. Depending on the cause of your condition, several treatments can help you to conceive and become a parent. If you have a female partner, her fertility status would also need to be taken into consideration when deciding on the most appropriate fertility treatment. Unfortunately, it is not possible to guarantee the success of every treatment, but it can be very effective.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_treatments_for_azoospermia_are_available\"><\/span>What treatments for azoospermia are available?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Treatment_of_infection\"><\/span><strong>1. Treatment of infection<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>If you have any active infections, you must treat these before taking any other steps. It\u2019s possible for an infection to have a negative impact on fertility even if there are no obvious symptoms, such as painful urination.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Surgical_repair\"><\/span><strong>2. Surgical repair<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>In some cases, we can remove or repair blockages or severed connections. Microsurgery can be used to remove a varicocele, correct retrograde ejaculation and sometimes reverse a vasectomy by re-joining the severed ends of the vas deferens. Although it\u2019s possible to remove an obstruction, it cannot guarantee successful conception will take place.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Hormone_treatment\"><\/span><strong>3. Hormone treatment<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Hormonal medication can stimulate sperm development, with the result being that the sperm can reach the seminal fluid. In some cases, hormonal medication may allow for enough sperm production so that we can extract the healthy sperm cells through means of a testicular biopsy. This would allow for their subsequent use in an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ivi.uk\/assisted-reproduction-treatments\/in-vitro-fertilisation\/\">In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) treatment<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Sperm_extraction_from_post-ejaculate_urine\"><\/span>4. Sperm extraction from post-ejaculate urine<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>It is possible to extract healthy sperm from post-ejaculate urine. This can be very effective in cases of un-correctable retrograde ejaculation. Depending on the extracted quantity, the sperm can be used in a fertility treatment such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ivi.uk\/assisted-reproduction-treatments\/intra-uterine-insemination\/\">Intrauterine Insemination (IUI)<\/a> or IVF.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Testicular_sperm_extraction\"><\/span>5. Testicular sperm extraction<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>In cases of untreatable obstructive azoospermia, you can have a testicular sperm extraction (TESE) procedure. In this method, we extract sperm directly from the testicular tissue under general anaesthetic. The resulting sperm can either be used right away with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ivi.uk\/assisted-reproduction-treatments\/icsi\/\">Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)<\/a> or cryopreserved for future use.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Finding_out_more_about_IVI\"><\/span>Finding out more about IVI<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>We know that receiving a diagnosis of azoospermia can be very distressing for men who want to start their families. Remember that it isn\u2019t necessarily a sentence of lifelong infertility, as you have seen from the options above. Even though there is no way to guarantee success, it\u2019s always worth finding out more about the causes and possible fertility solutions to your condition.<\/p>\n<p>Why not browse our website to find out more about <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ivi.uk\/assisted-reproduction-treatments\/\">the treatment options available<\/a>, or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ivi.uk\/ask-for-an-appointment\/\">contact us and arrange for a visit<\/a> to one of our clinics in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ivi.uk\/clinics\/london\/\">London<\/a>, and together we can take it from there.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"What is azoospermia? A low sperm count is characterised by having fewer sperm in the ejaculate than the average \u2013 normally, this is anything fewer than 15 million per millilitre. Azoospermia is a lesser-known phenomenon, meaning a complete absence of sperm. Bear in mind, though that it does not often mean the absence of ejaculate&#8230;. <a class=\"view-article\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ivi.uk\/blog\/azoospermia-what-is-it-and-how-do-we-treat-it\/\">View Article<\/a>","protected":false},"author":42,"featured_media":104452,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[345],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Azoospermia: What is it and how do we treat it? - IVI UK<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Azoospermia is a condition that affects about 15% of infertile men \u2013 more than 1 in 10 \u2013 and around 1% of the adult male population.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ivi.uk\/blog\/azoospermia-what-is-it-and-how-do-we-treat-it\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Azoospermia: What is it and how do we treat it? 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- IVI UK","description":"Azoospermia is a condition that affects about 15% of infertile men \u2013 more than 1 in 10 \u2013 and around 1% of the adult male population.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.ivi.uk\/blog\/azoospermia-what-is-it-and-how-do-we-treat-it\/","og_locale":"en_GB","og_type":"article","og_title":"Azoospermia: What is it and how do we treat it? - IVI UK","og_description":"Azoospermia is a condition that affects about 15% of infertile men \u2013 more than 1 in 10 \u2013 and around 1% of the adult male population.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.ivi.uk\/blog\/azoospermia-what-is-it-and-how-do-we-treat-it\/","og_site_name":"IVI UK","article_published_time":"2022-09-05T14:38:59+00:00","article_modified_time":"2024-12-23T11:32:07+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2560,"height":1920,"url":"https:\/\/www.ivi.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/14\/2022\/08\/AdobeStock_489486985-scaled.jpeg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"ivilondon2019","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"ivilondon2019","Estimated reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.ivi.uk\/blog\/azoospermia-what-is-it-and-how-do-we-treat-it\/","url":"https:\/\/www.ivi.uk\/blog\/azoospermia-what-is-it-and-how-do-we-treat-it\/","name":"Azoospermia: What is it and how do we treat it? 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